In times of increasing political polarisation the divide between nationalists and cosmopolitans seems to be one of the major rupture points. Populists increasingly invoke old nationalist tropes, attempting to win elections by appealing to national interest and dislike of outsiders. Cosmopolitans—citizens of the world—are accused of being rootless “citizens of nowhere.” This lecture outlines the two positions and explains the appeal of each. The question to be considered is whether it is possible to be both a nationalist and a cosmopolitan—are the two really incompatible after all.